![]() Depending on the strain, medium, and culture parameters, the fungal biomass is increased via vegetative growth forming either hyphal filaments, often with copious branching, or various forms of flocs and pellets of mycelia ( Brown et al., 1988). The entomopathogenic hyphomycete fungi are generally easy to grow on a large scale, and can be cultivated on cheap media in submerged cultures. Harvesting from submerged fermentations is also made substantially easier, as the spores can be readily collected and concentrated via centrifugation, filtration, etc., and then dried. Submerged cultivation also has a number of highly desirable attributes: they are cheaper, particularly on a very large scale environmental factors (pH, pO 2, pCO 2, nutrient levels) can be more readily controlled, and growth can be easily monitored ( Bartlett and Jaronski, 1988). Submerged cultivation may have the advantage that fungi can be rapidly generated using conventional deep-tank fermentors, and the scale-up of this process is relatively easy. The most frequently utilized technique for the cultivation of fungal spores is either a surface culture with a solid substrate, such as moistened wheat bran, millet or rice, or a submerged culture with a liquid medium ( Feng et al., 2000). The mass production of insect-pathogenic fungi is a necessary prerequisite for any large-scale field application employing these fungi. Moreover, this fungus also appears to be innocuous to most non-target organisms.Įfforts to improve potential control agents often center around an appropriate mass-production method for the suitably large-scale production of the infective propagules. Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin is a fungus with a broad natural distribution its potential to control more than 70 insect pests has been responsible for a substantial increase in interest in the large-scale production of the fungus for applications in the field ( Thomas et al., 1987). This revival of interest has led to the large-scale production of several promising fungi candidates, and also to the marketing of the first commercial mycoinsecticides. ![]() In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the use of fungi for the control of insect pests.
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